In addition, the relatively high astrocytic coverage of newborn synapses might also play a central role in the generation of febrile seizures. In contrast, a major benefit that derives from decreased astrocytic coverage is the regulation of synaptic efficacy leading to an increase in synaptic selectivity advantageous for learning. It also provides an explanation for the relative resistance of this brain structure to hypoxia in the perinatal period, especially during the birth process. In particular, a developmental decrease in astrocytic processes and functions may be the critical factor underlying the selective vulnerability of CA1 to hypoxic-ischaemic episodes in adulthood. This chapter also discusses recent findings regarding its normal postnatal development, which provide an essential framework to consider the aetiologies of different neurodevelopmental disorders affecting hippocampal structure and function.
This chapter provides a basic description of the structural organization of the primate hippocampal formation.
In addition, abnormalities in hippocampal structure and functions have been reported in a number of neuropathological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Paradoxically, the hippocampus is also the brain structure most sensitive to hypoxic-ischaemic episodes. The hippocampal formation plays a central role in the brain network essential for memory function. The hippocampal formation is comprised of a group of cortical regions, including the dentate gyrus, hippocampus, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex. Chapter 15 The Hippocampus in Major Depression.Chapter 14 The Hippocampus and Post-Traumatic Disorders.Chapter 13 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Hippocampus.Chapter 11 The Hippocampus in Neurological Disease.Chapter 10 Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Chapter 8 Sleep, Memory, and the Hippocampus.Chapter 6 Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Functional Implications of a ‘New’ Type of Plasticity.Chapter 4 Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in the Hippocampus: Relationship to Neurological Diseases and Mechanisms for Differential Sensitivity of Neurons to Stress.Chapter 3 Amnesia and the Hippocampal Memory System.Chapter 2 Functional Anatomy, Development, and Pathology of the Hippocampus.Chapter 1 Introduction: The Hippocampus in the Clinical Neurosciences.
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